Molecular Classification
Biophysical Property
Other Names
Lung Surface Tension, Pulmonary Surface Tension
Disease Roles
Respiratory distress syndromeAtelectasisAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Alveolar Surface Tension Overview

Alveolar surface tension is the force exerted by water molecules at the air-liquid interface lining the alveoli in the lungs. It is a critical biophysical property that affects lung mechanics and alveolar stability. While necessary for normal lung function, excessive surface tension can lead to alveolar collapse. Pulmonary surfactant, produced by type II pneumocytes, reduces alveolar surface tension, preventing atelectasis and facilitating efficient respiration.

Mechanism of Action

Exogenous surfactant reduces alveolar surface tension, preventing collapse and improving gas exchange.

Biological Functions

Lung mechanics
Alveolar stability
Gas exchange
Breathing

Disease Associations

Respiratory distress syndrome
Atelectasis
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Safety Considerations

  • Barotrauma (from mechanical ventilation)
  • Oxygen toxicity
  • Infection

Interacting Drugs

Exogenous Surfactant (e.g., Beractant, Poractant alfa, Calfactant)

Associated Biomarkers

Biomarker
Surfactant protein levels (e.g., SP-B)
Oxygen saturation
A-a gradient
Lung compliance