Molecular Classification
Bacteria, Enzyme (Ammonia Monooxygenase, Hydroxylamine Oxidoreductase), Microorganism
Other Names
Nitrosomonas, Nitrosospira, Nitrosococcus, Ammonia oxidizers
Disease Roles
Environmental PollutionEutrophication

Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria Overview

Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are a group of chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms that catalyze the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite, the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification. This process is essential in the global nitrogen cycle and in engineered systems for nitrogen removal. AOB belong primarily to the Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria classes and include genera such as Nitrosomonas, Nitrosospira, and Nitrosococcus. They play a critical role in various ecosystems by converting toxic ammonia into less harmful forms. Their activity is influenced by factors like pH, oxygen availability, and competition with other microorganisms.

Mechanism of Action

N/A

Biological Functions

Ammonia oxidation
Nitrification
Nitrogen cycle
Wastewater treatment
Nutrient cycling

Disease Associations

Environmental Pollution
Eutrophication

Safety Considerations

  • None (generally beneficial for environmental remediation)
  • Potential for promoting nitrite accumulation under certain conditions