Molecular Classification
Enzyme, Type I transmembrane glycoprotein, Zinc metalloenzyme, Receptor
Other Names
ACE2
Disease Roles
Cardiovascular diseasePulmonary diseaseInfection

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Overview

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a type I transmembrane protein and zinc metalloenzyme that plays a crucial role in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), which regulates blood pressure, fluid balance, and systemic vascular resistance. ACE2 exists both as a membrane-bound form (mACE2) and as a soluble form (sACE2). ACE2 acts primarily as a carboxypeptidase, hydrolyzing angiotensin II into angiotensin-(1–7), which has vasodilatory effects. Membrane-bound human ACE2 serves as an entry receptor for several coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2.

Mechanism of Action

ACE2 hydrolyzes angiotensin II into angiotensin-(1–7), which has vasodilatory effects. It also serves as the entry receptor for coronaviruses.

Biological Functions

Blood pressure regulation
Negative regulator of RAAS
Amino acid homeostasis
Modulation of inflammation
Viral entry receptor

Disease Associations

Cardiovascular disease
Pulmonary disease
Infection
Hypertension
Heart failure
Myocardial infarction
Pulmonary hypertension
Acute lung injury

Safety Considerations

  • Downregulation or internalization of ACE2 following viral binding may exacerbate tissue damage.
  • Altered ACE2 expression can affect blood pressure and inflammatory responses.