Antigen-presenting Cell Stimulation ()

Antigen-presenting Cell Stimulation Overview

Antigen-presenting cell (APC) stimulation refers to the process by which APCs activate T cells through the presentation of processed antigens, typically peptides, on their surface via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This interaction is essential for initiating adaptive immune responses and determining the fate of T cells—whether they become cytotoxic CD8+ T cells or helper CD4+ T cells. Professional APCs include dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes. They express both MHC class I and II molecules as well as co-stimulatory molecules necessary for full T cell activation. The process involves antigen processing (endogenous or exogenous), presentation via MHC molecules, and stimulation of T cells through TCR-MHC interaction and co-stimulatory signals, leading to clonal expansion and differentiation of T cells. Understanding this pathway is important for immunomodulation in cancer therapy, infection control, vaccine development, and autoimmunity management.

Mechanism of Action

Biological Functions

Safety Considerations