Antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging)

"Antioxidant activity/free radical scavenging" is not a specific molecule or receptor but rather describes a biochemical property—the ability to neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative stress. This function is carried out by a wide range of molecules including enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; nonenzymatic antioxidants like vitamin E and various plant phenolics; as well as synthetic compounds. These agents act by donating electrons or hydrogen atoms to unstable free radicals—reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS)—thereby stabilizing them and preventing cellular damage. The antioxidant defense system plays a crucial role in protecting against diseases associated with oxidative stress such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammation. However, "antioxidant activity/free radical scavenging" itself does not refer to a single molecular target but rather an umbrella term for the collective action of diverse molecules.

Other names

Free radical scavengingAntioxidant defenseRadical scavenging activityAntiradical activity

Donation of electrons or hydrogen atoms to neutralize free radicals; Enhancement of endogenous antioxidant enzyme expression and activity (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase)