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Apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a))
- Target
- apo(a)
- Molecular classification
- Glycoprotein, Lipoprotein component
01
Overview
Apolipoprotein(a), or apo(a), is a unique glycoprotein component of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], an LDL-like particle. Apo(a) is structurally similar to plasminogen and consists of multiple kringle IV repeats and one kringle V domain, followed by a protease-like domain. It is covalently linked to apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB100) via a disulfide bond. The concentration and size isoforms of Lp[a]/apo[a] are determined primarily by expression levels from the *LPA* gene. Elevated concentrations of Lp[a], driven by high levels or certain isoforms of apo[a], are recognized as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, calcific aortic valve disease/aortic stenosis, stroke, heart failure and peripheral arterial disease. Lp(a) acts as the main transporter for oxidized phospholipids in plasma.
- Other names
- Lp(a) componentApo(a)
02
Mechanism of action
Currently no well-established therapies specifically targeting reduction in Lp(a)/apo(a).
03
Biological functions
Lipid transportOxidized phospholipid carrierFibrinolysis interference (potential)Thrombosis promotion (potential)
04
Disease associations
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)Calcific aortic valve disease/aortic stenosis (CAVD/AS)StrokeHeart failurePeripheral arterial disease (PAD)
05
Safety considerations
Elevated Lp(a) levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events.No therapies specifically targeting reduction in Lp(a)/apo(a) exist.
06
Biomarkers
Lp(a) plasma concentrationApo(a) isoforms
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