ATP synthase F(1) complex catalytic subunit beta, mitochondrial (ATP5F1B)

The mitochondrial ATP synthase F1 subunit beta (ATP5F1B) is a critical component of the F1 sector of the F1Fo-ATP synthase complex, also known as Complex V of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (UniProt). This subunit contains the catalytic site responsible for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, driven by the proton motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane (Wikipedia). Beyond its central role in bioenergetics, ATP5F1B is found ectopically on the plasma membrane of certain cells, where it acts as a receptor for various ligands, including angiostatin and high-density lipoproteins (PubMed). In cancer, the overexpression or cell-surface translocation of this subunit is associated with increased metastasis and poor prognosis, making it an attractive target for anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor therapies (NIH). Mutations in the ATP5F1B gene are linked to mitochondrial diseases such as complex V deficiency and neurodegenerative conditions like dystonia (PubMed). Pharmacological modulation of the beta subunit by inhibitors like aurovertin B or dietary polyphenols can disrupt cellular energy metabolism, though systemic inhibition poses significant safety risks due to the enzyme's essential role in all aerobic cells (NIH).

Other names

ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrialATP synthase F1 complex subunit betaATP5BATPMBATPSBF1-ATPase beta subunit

Inhibition of the catalytic activity of the F1 sector by binding to the beta subunit or the alpha/beta interface, thereby blocking the rotational mechanism or the binding of ADP/ATP, which halts ATP synthesis and hydrolysis.