ATP synthase membrane subunit g, mitochondrial (ATP5MG)

ATP synthase membrane subunit g (mitochondrial), encoded by the ATP5MG gene, is a component of the F₀ sector of mitochondrial ATP synthase (Complex V). This multi-subunit enzyme complex synthesizes ATP by converting ADP and inorganic phosphate, utilizing the proton gradient generated by electron transport chain activity. The F₀ subunit forms the transmembrane proton channel, where subunit g associates as a minor peripheral component. Subunit g is unique to mitochondrial ATP synthase in animals and is not found in bacterial or chloroplast ATP synthases. Its specific structural and functional roles remain incompletely understood, but it is implicated in complex organization and proton translocation necessary for catalysis. Defects in subunit g or other complex V subunits can cause mitochondrial diseases characterized by impaired energy metabolism and multi-system dysfunction.

Other names

ATP5MGATP synthase F(0) complex subunit g, mitochondrialATP5LATPase subunit gATP5JGATP synthase membrane subunit gATP synthase g chain, mitochondrialATP synthase subunit g, mitochondrialATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 complex, subunit GF1F0-type ATP synthase subunit gF1Fo-ATP synthase complex Fo membrane domain g subunit

Inhibition of ATP synthase function via blocking proton translocation (for drugs like oligomycin and DCCD)