Gosset Molecular Classification
Immunoglobulin, Antibody
Other Names
Self-reactive antibody, Antibody to self-antigen
Disease Roles
Autoantibody Overview
An autoantibody is an antibody produced by the immune system that mistakenly targets and reacts with an individual's own proteins, cells, or tissues (self-antigens), rather than foreign invaders. This loss of self-tolerance is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, where autoantibodies can serve both as biomarkers and mediators of disease pathology. They can directly damage tissues by binding to cell surface receptors or extracellular matrix components, activating complement pathways, or modulating receptor function. Natural autoantibodies (mainly IgM) are present at low levels and are thought to play roles in immune homeostasis and clearance of cellular debris.
Mechanism of Action
N/A
Biological Functions
Immune response
Self-recognition (aberrant)
Complement activation
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Homeostasis/clearance (natural autoantibodies)
Disease Associations
Autoimmune disease
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Myasthenia gravis
Scleroderma
Rheumatoid arthritis
Type 1 diabetes
Safety Considerations
- Off-target effects
- Exacerbation of autoimmunity
- Immunosuppression
Associated Biomarkers
| Biomarker |
|---|
| Anti-dsDNA antibodies |
| Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies |
| Anti-centromere antibodies |
| Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) |