Autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) (BM-MSC)

Autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells harvested from a patient's own bone marrow, expanded in vitro, and re-administered for therapeutic purposes (Pittenger et al., 1999). These cells are characterized by their ability to differentiate into various cell types, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, making them valuable for regenerative medicine (Dominici et al., 2006). Beyond differentiation, BM-MSCs function primarily through paracrine signaling, releasing a variety of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles that promote tissue repair and modulate the immune system. They are widely investigated for treating conditions such as graft-versus-host disease, myocardial infarction, and orthopedic injuries due to their low immunogenicity and ability to home to sites of inflammation (Squillaro et al., 2016). As a whole-cell therapy, they represent a complex biological product rather than a single molecular target, acting on multiple pathways simultaneously to restore homeostasis (Galipeau & Sensébé, 2018).

Other names

Autologous mesenchymal stromal cellsBone marrow-derived MSCsAutologous BM-MSCsIn vitro expanded MSCsAutologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell whole-cell therapy

MSCs function through homing to sites of injury and inflammation, where they secrete immunomodulatory factors (e.g., PGE2, IDO, IL-10) and growth factors (e.g., VEGF, IGF-1) to promote tissue regeneration and suppress pathological immune responses (Galipeau & Sensébé, 2018; Squillaro et al., 2016).