Autologous CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Autologous Tregs)

Autologous CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized subpopulation of T lymphocytes that play a critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune responses by suppressing the activity of effector T cells [Sakaguchi et al., 2008, Cell]. As a cell therapy product, these cells are isolated from a patient's own peripheral blood, expanded or modified ex vivo, and subsequently re-infused to restore self-tolerance. This therapeutic approach is primarily investigated for treating autoimmune disorders like Type 1 Diabetes and preventing complications in organ transplantation or Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD) [Bluestone et al., 2015, Science Translational Medicine]. The cells function through multiple mechanisms, including the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-beta) and direct inhibitory interactions with antigen-presenting cells. Unlike conventional immunosuppressive drugs, autologous Treg therapy aims to provide a targeted, long-lasting re-education of the immune system without the side effects of chronic systemic suppression. Current clinical research focuses on improving the specificity, stability, and expansion protocols of these cells to ensure safety and efficacy [Tang et al., 2013, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med].

Other names

Regulatory T cellsTregsSuppressor T cellsCD4+CD25+highCD127low T cellsAdoptive Treg therapy

Suppression of effector T cell activation and proliferation through the secretion of inhibitory cytokines such as IL-10, TGF-beta, and IL-35; direct cell-to-cell contact-mediated inhibition via CTLA-4 and LAG-3; metabolic disruption through high-affinity IL-2 consumption; and modulation of dendritic cell maturation and function [Sakaguchi et al., 2008, Cell; Tang et al., 2013, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med].