Molecular Classification
Enzyme, Metabolic Pathway
Other Names
Peptidoglycan Synthesis, Cell Wall Biogenesis
Disease Roles
Infection

Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Overview

Bacterial cell wall synthesis is a multi-step biochemical process by which bacteria construct their protective outer layer, primarily composed of peptidoglycan. This structure is essential for maintaining cell shape, protecting against osmotic lysis, and providing mechanical strength. It is a prime target for antibiotics, with major classes including β-Lactams and Glycopeptides targeting key enzymes in the pathway.

Mechanism of Action

Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis enzymes (e.g., transpeptidases/PBPs, glycosyltransferases) or interference with precursor synthesis and transport, leading to cell wall weakening and bacterial lysis.

Biological Functions

Cell wall assembly
Maintenance of cell shape
Protection from osmotic lysis
Structural integrity

Disease Associations

Infection

Safety Considerations

  • Antibiotic resistance development (e.g., β-lactamase production, PBP mutations)
  • Host toxicity (though generally low due to absence of peptidoglycan in mammalian cells)
  • Allergic reactions (e.g., to penicillins)

Interacting Drugs

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Vancomycin
Fosfomycin
Bacitracin