Bacterial cytoplasmic membrane (Gram-negative) (CM)

The bacterial cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, also known as the inner membrane, is a vital phospholipid bilayer that serves as the primary permeability barrier for the cell [1]. It is composed of a variety of lipids, including phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, which provide the structural matrix for essential membrane proteins [2]. This membrane is the site of critical biological processes such as oxidative phosphorylation, nutrient transport, and the synthesis of cell wall components [3]. As a therapeutic target, it is primarily exploited by polymyxin antibiotics, which disrupt the bilayer's integrity through electrostatic interactions and lipid displacement [4]. This disruption leads to the loss of the proton motive force and the leakage of cytoplasmic contents, resulting in rapid bacterial death [2]. Despite its effectiveness as a target, the similarity between bacterial and mammalian membranes can lead to significant safety concerns, including nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity in patients [3]. The membrane also plays a role in signal transduction and the coordination of cell division [1]. Understanding the specific lipid composition of this membrane is crucial for developing new antimicrobial agents that can bypass resistance mechanisms [4].

Other names

Inner membranePlasma membraneCytoplasmic membraneBacterial inner membrane

Disruption of the phospholipid bilayer through electrostatic binding and displacement of divalent cations, leading to pore formation, membrane depolarization, and leakage of intracellular contents.