Bacterial translocation ()

Bacterial translocation Overview

Bacterial translocation is **not a molecule or receptor**, but rather a pathological process defined as the passage of viable bacteria or their products from the gastrointestinal tract to extraintestinal sites such as mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, kidney, and bloodstream[1][4][5][8]. This phenomenon can occur via two main routes—transcellular (through cells) and paracellular (between cells)—and is promoted by factors such as increased intestinal permeability ("leaky gut"), immune deficiencies, mucosal barrier damage, dysbiosis (microbial imbalance), and overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria[3][4][5]. While low-level bacterial translocation may be part of normal immune surveillance in healthy individuals without causing harm[2], excessive or uncontrolled translocation is implicated in serious clinical conditions including sepsis, systemic inflammation, multiple organ failure, and complications of liver disease and pancreatitis[6][7]. **Bacterial translocation itself is not considered a therapeutic target** like an enzyme or receptor; rather it represents a pathophysiological event. Therapeutic strategies focus on preventing its occurrence by maintaining gut barrier integrity with interventions such as probiotics/prebiotics or treating underlying causes like infection or immunosuppression. There are no drugs that directly "target" bacterial translocation; instead therapies aim to modulate risk factors for this process. Because "bacterial translocation" refers to a biological phenomenon—not a discrete molecular entity—it does not fit standard target classification schemes used for drug discovery. Therefore: > **This entry should be flagged as incorrect for use as a molecular drug target.** References supporting these statements include [1], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8].

Mechanism of Action

Biological Functions

Safety Considerations

Associated Biomarkers