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Beta Amyloid A4 Protein (Aβ)

Target: Aβ
Molecular classification: Peptide, Protein fragment

Overview

Beta amyloid A4 protein, also known as amyloid-beta (Aβ), is a peptide of 36-43 amino acids that plays a critical role in Alzheimer's disease pathology. It is derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) through sequential proteolytic cleavage by secretases. Aβ misfolding and aggregation into soluble oligomers and amyloid plaques are considered primary pathological mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease, leading to neuron toxicity and brain cell death.

Other names: Amyloid-betaAbetaAβ peptide

Mechanism of action

Targeted by therapies aimed at reducing its production, aggregation, or promoting its clearance.

Biological functions

Neurite growth (via APP)Neuronal adhesion (via APP)Axonogenesis (via APP)Synaptogenesis (via APP)Cell mobility and transcription regulation (via APP)Copper homeostasis and oxidative stress regulation (via APP)Regulation of neurite outgrowth (via APP)

Disease associations

Alzheimer's diseaseCerebral amyloid angiopathy

Safety considerations

Potential for off-target effects of therapies targeting AβRisk of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) in anti-amyloid therapiesComplexity of the amyloid cascade and potential for unintended consequences of interventions

Biomarkers

Aβ40 levels in cerebrospinal fluidAβ42 levels in cerebrospinal fluidAβ plaque load in brain imaging (e.g., PET scans)

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