Gosset Molecular Classification
Buffer System, Chemical Equilibrium
Other Names
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
Disease Roles
Bicarbonate Buffering System Overview
The bicarbonate buffering system is the primary physiological buffer system, maintaining blood pH by balancing carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, and bicarbonate ions. The lungs regulate CO₂ concentration, while the kidneys control bicarbonate levels. Disruptions lead to acid-base imbalances like acidosis or alkalosis.
Mechanism of Action
Modulation of blood pH through the equilibrium between carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, and bicarbonate ions. Drugs can influence this system by affecting carbonic anhydrase activity, bicarbonate reabsorption/excretion, or by directly adding or removing acids/bases.
Biological Functions
pH regulation
Acid-base homeostasis
Neutralization of acids and bases
Disease Associations
Acidosis
Alkalosis
Metabolic disorders
Respiratory disorders
Safety Considerations
- Overcorrection of pH (leading to metabolic alkalosis or acidosis)
- Electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia)
- Fluid overload
- Respiratory depression
Interacting Drugs
Bicarbonate
Acetazolamide (affects carbonic anhydrase)
Diuretics (affecting bicarbonate reabsorption)
Acidifying agents (e.g., ammonium chloride)
Alkalinizing agents (e.g., sodium lactate)
Associated Biomarkers
| Biomarker |
|---|
| Blood pH |
| Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO₂) |
| Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) level |
| Base excess |