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Bile Acids (Intestinal)
- Molecular classification
- Steroid, Detergent molecule, Lipid
01
Overview
Bile acids are steroidal molecules synthesized in the liver from cholesterol and secreted into the intestine via bile. In the intestine, they play essential roles in digestion, absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins, modulation of gut motility, regulation of water and electrolyte transport, maintenance of intestinal barrier function, immune modulation, and shaping gut microbiota composition. While not direct targets themselves, their levels and modifications impact various receptors and transporters, making them crucial in gut health and disease.
- Other names
- Intestinal Bile AcidsBile Salts (Intestinal)
02
Mechanism of action
Sequestration of bile acids in the intestinal lumen
03
Biological functions
Emulsification of dietary lipidsAbsorption of dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitaminsSolubilization of polyvalent metalsRegulation of water and electrolyte transportModulation of gut motilityMaintenance of intestinal barrier functionImmune modulationShaping gut microbiota composition
04
Disease associations
Diarrhea (Bile acid malabsorption)Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)Esophageal CancerGastric CancerColonic CancerType 2 Diabetes
05
Safety considerations
May interfere with absorption of other medicationsGastrointestinal side effects (e.g., constipation, bloating)
06
Interacting drugs
Bile acid sequestrants (e.g., Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colesevelam)
07
Biomarkers
Fecal bile acid levelsSerum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4)
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