Birch pollen allergen (Bet v 1) (Bet v 1)

The major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1, is a 17.5 kDa acidic protein from Betula verrucosa whose structure features a unique cavity linked to its allergenic properties. It is the principal protein responsible for birch pollen allergies affecting millions globally, associated with cross-reactivity to pollen from related species (hazel, alder, hornbeam) as well as specific foods. Minor birch pollen allergens (e.g., Bet v 2 [profilin], Bet v 4 [polcalcin], Bet v 5 [isoflavone reductase-like]) contribute to the allergenicity and diversity of clinical presentations. These allergens are used as molecular targets for diagnostics and immunotherapy, but clinical management is challenged by cross-reactivity and the risk of severe allergic reactions.

Other names

Bet v 1 proteinMajor birch pollen allergenBetula verrucosa allergenMinor allergens: Bet v 2, Bet v 3, Bet v 4, Bet v 5

Immunotherapy: Induces tolerance by repeated exposure, shifts immune response from Th2/IgE to Th1 or regulatory T cell profile. Monoclonal anti-IgE: Prevents IgE-allergen interaction by neutralizing circulating IgE