Blood glucose regulation via delayed carbohydrate absorption ()

Blood glucose regulation via delayed carbohydrate absorption Overview

Blood glucose regulation via delayed carbohydrate absorption refers to strategies that slow the rate at which carbohydrates are digested and absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. This can be achieved through pharmacological agents such as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (e.g., acarbose) or alpha-amylase inhibitors that block key digestive enzymes. Dietary interventions—such as increased intake of dietary fiber or co-ingestion of carbohydrates with fat/protein—also slow gastric emptying and intestinal transit time. These approaches result in a slower rise in postprandial blood glucose levels compared to rapid-digesting carbohydrates. The process involves multiple steps: mechanical breakdown in the mouth/stomach, enzymatic hydrolysis by pancreatic amylase/disaccharidases in the small intestine, followed by monosaccharide transport across enterocytes into circulation. Delaying these steps helps manage glycemic control—especially relevant for individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome—by reducing postprandial hyperglycemia.

Mechanism of Action

Inhibition of alpha-amylase and/or alpha-glucosidase enzymes to delay breakdown of complex carbohydrates into absorbable monosaccharides; dietary fiber slows gastric emptying and intestinal transit time; co-ingestion with fat/protein also delays gastric emptying and carbohydrate absorption. - Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: Block disaccharidases at brush border of small intestine - Alpha-amylase inhibitors: Inhibit pancreatic amylase in small intestine - Dietary fiber: Slows gastric emptying and increases viscosity of chyme - Fat/protein co-ingestion: Slows gastric emptying and delays nutrient delivery to small intestine

Biological Functions

Safety Considerations

Interacting Drugs

Associated Biomarkers