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Blood Vessel Wall

Molecular classification: Tissue, Structural Component

Overview

The blood vessel wall is a complex, multi-layered structure forming the boundary of blood vessels. It facilitates nutrient, oxygen, and waste exchange. The wall consists of three layers: tunica intima (endothelial cells), tunica media (smooth muscle), and tunica externa (connective tissue). Capillaries are composed of only endothelial cells. Functionally, it maintains a selective barrier, regulates hemodynamics, mediates immune cell trafficking, and participates in repair. Specialized features include the blood-brain barrier. Dysfunction can lead to diseases like atherosclerosis and small-vessel disease.

Biological functions

Nutrient transportGas exchangeWaste removalBlood pressure regulationVascular toneImmune cell traffickingBarrier function

Disease associations

AtherosclerosisSmall-vessel diseaseHypertensionVascular inflammation

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