Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type I and type II (BMPR-I and BMPR-II (or collectively BMPRs); type I receptors are often referred to as ALK1–ALK7, with BMP signaling using ALK2 (ACVR1), ALK3 (BMPR-IA), and ALK6 (BMPR-IB). Type II is commonly called BMPR2[2][4])

Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type I and type II refer collectively to a signaling system composed of serine/threonine kinase transmembrane receptors that are part of the TGF-β receptor superfamily. These receptors form heteromeric tetrameric complexes (two type I and two type II receptors) upon binding to BMP ligands, which triggers intracellular signaling via phosphorylation of SMAD transcription factors and modulates cell differentiation, proliferation, and development. Mutations in these receptors cause diverse diseases including pulmonary arterial hypertension, certain cancers, and abnormal bone formation syndromes, making them attractive but challenging therapeutic targets[2][4][5]

Other names

BMPR-I (type I receptor, including BMPR-IA/ALK3, BMPR-IB/ALK6, ACVRL1/ALK1, ACVR1/ALK2)BMPR-II (type II receptor)ALK1ALK2ALK3ALK6 (type I subtypes)Activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)ACVRL1 (for ALK1)ACVR1 (for ALK2)BMPR2 (for type II)TGF-β superfamily receptor

Kinase inhibition (blocking BMPR-mediated phosphorylation; e.g., inhibitor drugs); Ligand binding (recombinant BMPs bind and activate receptors); Signal transduction modulation (SMAD phosphorylation, affecting gene expression)