C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) (CCL3)

C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), also known as Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1-alpha (MIP-1-alpha), is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in the recruitment and activation of immune cells (UniProt: P10147). It functions primarily as a chemoattractant for monocytes, T-cells, and dendritic cells by signaling through the G protein-coupled receptors CCR1 and CCR5 (PubMed: 11046054). In pathological states, CCL3 is heavily involved in the progression of multiple myeloma, where it stimulates osteoclast activity and promotes bone destruction (PubMed: 12631235). It also contributes to the chronic inflammation seen in rheumatoid arthritis and serves as a natural competitor for HIV-1 entry into host cells via the CCR5 coreceptor (PubMed: 17586109). Therapeutic targeting of the CCL3 axis is largely achieved through small molecule antagonists of its receptors, such as Maraviroc, which are used to treat HIV-1 or are under investigation for inflammatory and oncological indications (PubMed: 24591335). Monitoring CCL3 levels in serum or synovial fluid can serve as a valuable biomarker for disease activity and treatment response in various inflammatory conditions.

Other names

Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alphaMIP-1-alphaMIP1ASmall inducible cytokine A3SCYA3LD78-alpha

Antagonism of CCR1 and CCR5 receptors to block CCL3-mediated signaling and chemotaxis; Neutralization of the CCL3 ligand by monoclonal antibodies or binding proteins (experimental).