C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CXCL11) (CXCL11)

C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CXCL11), also known as Interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC), is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family [1.2.1, 1.4.1]. It is primarily induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interferon-beta (IFN-β) and is secreted by various cell types, including monocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts [1.2.1, 1.4.1]. CXCL11 functions as a potent chemoattractant for activated T-cells, particularly Th1 cells, by binding with high affinity to the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR3 [1.1.1, 1.4.3]. Beyond its role in leukocyte recruitment, CXCL11 exhibits angiostatic properties, inhibiting the formation of new blood vessels [1.3.1, 1.3.5]. In the context of disease, CXCL11 is involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, where its overexpression drives excessive immune cell infiltration [1.1.2, 1.2.1]. In oncology, its role is complex; while it can promote anti-tumor immunity by recruiting cytotoxic T-cells, it may also contribute to tumor progression and metastasis in certain cancers depending on the receptor isoform it activates [1.3.1, 1.3.4]. Therapeutic strategies involving CXCL11 include the development of antagonists to treat chronic inflammation and agonists or induction strategies to enhance cancer immunotherapy [1.1.2, 1.3.5].

Other names

Interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractantI-TACInterferon-gamma-inducible protein 9IP-9Small inducible cytokine subfamily B member 11SCYB11H174Beta-R1SCYB9B

CXCL11 inhibition, CXCL11 modulation, and antagonism of the CXCL11/CXCR3 axis