Molecular Classification
Enzyme, Metalloprotein, Carbonic Anhydrase, Membrane-bound enzyme
Other Names
CAXII, CA-XII, Carbonate Dehydratase XII, Carbonic Dehydratase, Tumor Antigen HOM-RCC-3.1.3, Car12
Disease Roles
Isolated HyperchlorhidrosisCystic Fibrosis-like SyndromePancreatitis

Carbonic Anhydrase 12 Overview

Carbonic anhydrase 12 (CA12) is a membrane-associated zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons. It plays a crucial role in pH regulation, ion transport, and fluid secretion in various tissues. Overexpression is associated with certain cancers, while loss-of-function mutations can lead to electrolyte imbalances and impaired fluid secretion.

Mechanism of Action

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors block the active site of the enzyme, preventing the hydration of carbon dioxide and subsequent production of bicarbonate and protons. This can affect pH regulation and ion transport.

Biological Functions

Acid-base balance
Chloride ion homeostasis
pH regulation
Fluid secretion
Electrolyte secretion
Respiration
Calcification

Disease Associations

Isolated Hyperchlorhidrosis
Cystic Fibrosis-like Syndrome
Pancreatitis
Xerostomia
Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma
Cancer

Safety Considerations

  • Electrolyte imbalance
  • Potential for off-target effects with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors affecting other isozymes.

Interacting Drugs

Acetazolamide

Associated Biomarkers

Biomarker
CA12 overexpression in tumor tissue (e.g., clear cell renal carcinoma)