Carbonic anhydrase 12 (CA12) (CA12)

Carbonic anhydrase 12 (CA12) is a transmembrane enzyme belonging to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family, primarily responsible for the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate and protons [1]. It plays a vital role in regulating intracellular and extracellular pH, which is essential for various physiological processes including ion transport and fluid secretion [2]. In the context of oncology, CA12 is frequently overexpressed in several solid tumors, such as breast, lung, and colorectal cancers, often under the influence of hypoxia or hormonal signaling [3]. This overexpression facilitates the acidification of the tumor microenvironment, a condition that promotes cancer cell survival, invasion, and resistance to certain chemotherapeutic agents [4]. Consequently, CA12 is considered a significant therapeutic target and a potential biomarker for prognosis in cancer patients [5]. Beyond oncology, mutations in the CA12 gene are associated with a cystic fibrosis-like syndrome characterized by excessive salt loss in sweat, and the enzyme is also a target for reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma [6].

Other names

CA-XIICarbonate dehydratase XIITACECAXII

Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase enzymatic activity to modulate pH or fluid secretion.