Gosset Cariogenic Bacteria Overview
Cariogenic bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms that contribute to the development of dental caries by fermenting dietary carbohydrates and producing acids that demineralize tooth enamel. Key species include *Streptococcus mutans*, *Streptococcus sobrinus*, and *Lactobacillus* species. These bacteria possess virulence factors such as acidogenicity, aciduricity, and the ability to form biofilms. While *S. mutans* has been historically emphasized, dental caries is now understood to result from a complex interplay of multiple acid-producing and acid-tolerant organisms. Prevention strategies focus on controlling these microbial populations through methods like improved oral hygiene, dietary modifications, fluoride application, and antimicrobial agents.
Mechanism of Action
Antibiotics: Bacterial cell wall disruption or inhibition of protein synthesis. Fluoride: Enhances enamel remineralization and inhibits bacterial enzyme activity. Xylitol: Inhibits sugar metabolism and reduces acid production.
Biological Functions
Disease Associations
Safety Considerations
- Antibiotic resistance
- Dysbiosis (imbalance of oral microbiome)
- Allergic reactions to antibiotics
- Potential for systemic effects with prolonged antibiotic use
Interacting Drugs
Associated Biomarkers
| Biomarker |
|---|
| Streptococcus mutans levels in saliva or plaque |
| Lactobacillus species levels in saliva or plaque |
| Plaque pH |
| Salivary flow rate |
| Buffer capacity of saliva |