Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate complex (CPP-ACP) (CPP-ACP)

Casein proteins (alpha-S1, alpha-S2, beta, and kappa) are the primary phosphoproteins found in mammalian milk, where they aggregate into colloidal structures known as micelles. These micelles are stabilized by the sequestration of calcium ions in the form of colloidal calcium phosphate, a process essential for the transport of minerals to the neonate [1, 2]. In a therapeutic context, the Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) complex is used as a remineralizing agent in dentistry. It works by maintaining a high concentration gradient of calcium and phosphate at the tooth surface, thereby inhibiting demineralization and promoting the repair of enamel subsurface lesions [3]. While casein is primarily a dietary protein, its interaction with calcium is a critical focus for treating mineral deficiencies and oral health diseases, though it is generally considered a therapeutic agent rather than a traditional drug target [4].

Other names

CaseinMilk proteinColloidal calcium phosphateRecaldentCPP-ACFPCasein-calcium complex

The complex acts as a reservoir of bioavailable calcium and phosphate ions, maintaining a supersaturated state at the tooth surface to promote remineralization and inhibit demineralization.