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Cavitation (process)
- Molecular classification
- Other (physical process)
01
Overview
Cavitation refers to the process of nucleation, growth, and rapid collapse of gas or vapor bubbles in a liquid when exposed to forces such as ultrasound or mechanical impact. In medicine, controlled cavitation is harnessed for tissue ablation, enhanced drug delivery, and procedures like lithotripsy and tumor treatment. Uncontrolled cavitation can cause tissue injury, including trauma from high-velocity impacts or rapid acceleration. Cavitation is a physical phenomenon and not a molecular or receptor drug target
- Other names
- Bubble cavitationAcoustic cavitationUltrasonic cavitation
02
Mechanism of action
Not applicable directly; in therapeutic settings, cavitation is used to physically disrupt tissue, emulsify tissue, enhance cellular uptake (sonoporation), or ablate tissue, often under ultrasound or other energy sources
03
Biological functions
Tissue ablationEnhanced drug delivery (when exploited in medical applications)Tissue emulsification/destructionCell membrane permeabilization (sonoporation)Physical/mechanical injury (uncontrolled/injury settings)
04
Disease associations
Other (used in tumor ablation, lithotripsy, and can be related to trauma-related tissue injury such as traumatic brain injury or high-velocity wounds)
05
Safety considerations
Tissue damage and hemorrhage (with uncontrolled/inertial cavitation)Shock waves, local heating, unintended cell/tissue injury (high-intensity settings)In dental/osteonecrosis, chronic inflammation, infection, immune dysfunction (site-specific, unrelated to general phenomenon)
06
Interacting drugs
Not applicable directly; however, cavitation can be used to deliver drugs (such as with microbubble carriers in ultrasound-mediated drug delivery)
07
Biomarkers
None known specifically for cavitation as a target.
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