Molecular Classification
Transmembrane glycoprotein, Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein, Immunoglobulin superfamily, Fc receptor
Other Names
FcγRIII, Fc gamma receptor III, CD16A (FcγRIIIA), CD16B (FcγRIIIB), FCGR3A, FCGR3B
Disease Roles
CancerInfectionInflammation

CD16 Fc Receptor Overview

CD16 (FcγRIII) is an Fc receptor that binds to the Fc portion of IgG antibodies, playing a crucial role in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and other immune functions. It exists in two main isoforms: CD16A, a transmembrane form expressed on NK cells, macrophages, and some neutrophils; and CD16B, a GPI-linked form primarily found on neutrophils. CD16 engagement triggers downstream signaling pathways leading to degranulation, cytokine release, and phagocytosis, making it an important target for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies designed to enhance ADCC against cancer or infected cells. Its expression is dynamically regulated, and variations in its function can influence the efficacy of antibody-based therapies.

Mechanism of Action

Mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by binding to the Fc region of IgG antibodies and triggering downstream signaling cascades in immune cells, such as NK cells, leading to target cell lysis.

Biological Functions

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Phagocytosis
Degranulation
Cytokine production
Immune response
Signal transduction

Disease Associations

Cancer
Infection
Inflammation
Autoimmune diseases

Safety Considerations

  • Cytokine release syndrome (CRS)
  • Infusion-related reactions
  • Potential for off-target effects

Interacting Drugs

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (e.g., Rituximab, Trastuzumab)
Cyclosporin A

Associated Biomarkers

Biomarker
CD16 expression levels on immune cells (e.g., NK cells, neutrophils)
Shed CD16 levels in serum