CD209 (DC-SIGN) (DC-SIGN)

Host cell surface receptors for dengue virus (DENV) entry comprise a diverse group of molecules that facilitate the attachment and internalization of the virus into various cell types, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells. The primary attachment factors are heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which concentrate the virus on the cell surface through interactions with the viral envelope (E) protein. Key entry receptors include C-type lectins such as CD209 (DC-SIGN) on dendritic cells and CD206 (Mannose receptor) on macrophages, which recognize the glycosylated E protein. Additionally, the TAM (Tyro3, AXL, Mer) and TIM (TIM-1, TIM-4) receptor families facilitate entry by recognizing phosphatidylserine on the viral envelope, a process known as apoptotic mimicry. In secondary infections, Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) mediate antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) by internalizing virus-antibody complexes, leading to increased viral load and severe disease. Therapeutic strategies targeting these receptors include the use of lectins, heparan sulfate mimetics, and AXL inhibitors to block viral entry and reduce pathogenesis.

Other names

CD209DC-SIGNCLEC4M (L-SIGN)CD206 (Mannose receptor)Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs)AXL receptor tyrosine kinaseTIM-1 (HAVCR1)GRP78 (HSPA5)Fc gamma receptors (FcγR)CD14HSP70HSP90

Receptor antagonism, attachment inhibition, competitive binding to viral E protein, inhibition of endosomal acidification, and blockade of Fc gamma receptors.