Gosset CD80 and CD86 Overview
CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) are closely related co-stimulatory molecules belonging to the B7 family of the immunoglobulin superfamily and are expressed on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages[1][2][6]. Both molecules provide essential co-stimulatory signals required for full T cell activation and survival by binding to the CD28 receptor for activation or to CTLA-4 for inhibition on T cells[3][6]. CD80 and CD86 share about 25% sequence identity but differ in affinity and kinetics: CD80 has higher affinity for both CD28 and CTLA-4 compared to CD86, and both are crucial for modulating immune responses[1][2]. Engagement of these proteins regulates T cell proliferation, apoptosis, and tolerance, making them important therapeutic targets in autoimmunity, transplantation, and cancer immunotherapy[2][3][4][5].
Mechanism of Action
Blockade of CD28:CD80/CD86 interaction to prevent T cell activation (immunosuppression) Enhancement or inhibition of co-stimulatory signals depending on therapeutic strategy Induction of T cell anergy or regulatory T cell activation (via CTLA-4 pathway)
Biological Functions
Disease Associations
Safety Considerations
- Excessive blockade may increase risk of infection and malignancy due to immune suppression
- Risk of cytokine release syndrome or autoimmunity if co-stimulatory pathways are overactivated
Interacting Drugs
Associated Biomarkers
| Biomarker |
|---|
| Expression levels of CD80 or CD86 on antigen-presenting cells correlate with immune activation and response to immunotherapies in certain contexts |
| Changes in CD80/CD86 used to monitor immune status in transplant and autoimmune settings |