CDC-like kinase family, Casein kinase II, DYRK family

The molecule/group described as "CDC-like kinase family, Casein kinase II, DYRK family" comprises three phylogenetically and functionally related protein kinase families within the CMGC kinase group: CDC-like kinases (CLKs), which mainly regulate alternative mRNA splicing and signal transduction; Casein kinase II (CK2), a highly pleiotropic kinase involved in cell proliferation, transcription, and survival; and the DYRK family, which are dual-specificity kinases (autophosphorylate on tyrosine, phosphorylate exogenous substrates on serine/threonine) involved in cell differentiation, neuronal development, and disease pathogenesis. Dysregulation of members of each family is implicated in diverse human diseases, especially cancer, neurodegeneration, and developmental disorders. All three are considered promising though challenging therapeutic targets due to their complex biology and wide cellular roles, and several inhibitors are in clinical and preclinical development.

Other names

CLK family (CDC-like kinase family, LAMMER kinases)CK2 (Casein kinase II)DYRK family (Dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase)

Inhibition of kinase activity to block phosphorylation of protein substrates involved in cell signaling, splicing, proliferation, and survival. Modulation of alternative mRNA splicing (notable for CLKs). Modulation of transcription and chromatin structure (notable for DYRKs and CK2).