Cell-surface adhesion receptor (CAM) (CAM)

Cell-surface adhesion receptors, collectively known as Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs), are specialized transmembrane proteins that facilitate physical contact and communication between cells or between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) [Lodish et al., 2016, Molecular Cell Biology]. These receptors are categorized into four primary families: integrins, cadherins, selectins, and the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, each playing distinct roles in maintaining tissue integrity and mediating cellular movement [Janiszewska et al., 2020, J Cell Biol]. Beyond their structural roles, they function as critical signal transducers that regulate essential processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and the immune response by sensing the mechanical environment [Sun et al., 2019, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology]. In clinical contexts, these receptors are major therapeutic targets; for instance, integrin inhibitors are used to treat autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease by blocking the migration of pathogenic leukocytes into tissues [Khalil et al., 2020, Frontiers in Pharmacology]. However, because these receptors are vital for normal physiological functions, targeting them can lead to significant safety concerns, including impaired host defense and increased risk of opportunistic infections like Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) [Gurbel et al., 2019, JACC]. Additionally, in cardiovascular medicine, targeting adhesion receptors on platelets is a standard approach to prevent thrombosis, though it necessitates careful management of bleeding risks [Gurbel et al., 2019, JACC]. Overall, while these receptors offer diverse opportunities for drug development, their broad expression and fundamental biological roles require high specificity to minimize off-target effects.

Other names

Cell adhesion moleculesCAMsAdhesion receptorsSurface adhesion proteins

Drugs targeting these receptors typically act as competitive antagonists or monoclonal antibodies that bind to the extracellular domain, preventing the receptor from interacting with its ligands (e.g., VCAM-1, MAdCAM-1, or fibrinogen), thereby inhibiting cell recruitment or downstream signaling [Khalil et al., 2020, Frontiers in Pharmacology].