Cellular redox systems (Redox systems) (Redox systems)

Cellular redox systems comprise an integrated network of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, most notably the glutathione (GSH) pool, which collectively maintain intracellular oxidative homeostasis. ROS, such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are produced during mitochondrial respiration and by enzymes like NADPH oxidases, serving as essential signaling molecules for cell growth and differentiation (Sies et al., 2017). The glutathione pool represents the primary endogenous antioxidant system, where the ratio of reduced (GSH) to oxidized (GSSG) glutathione serves as a critical indicator of cellular health and buffering capacity (Forman et al., 2009). Dysregulation of these systems leads to oxidative stress, a condition implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease, and cardiovascular inflammation (Kansanen et al., 2013). Therapeutic interventions often target this system by either enhancing antioxidant capacity through Nrf2 activators like Bardoxolone methyl or by depleting GSH to induce ferroptosis in cancer cells (Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2021). Consequently, these systems are pivotal for maintaining genomic stability and regulating programmed cell death pathways.

Other names

Reactive oxygen species homeostasisGlutathione poolOxidative stress pathwayRedox signaling networkROS-GSH system

Modulation of intracellular oxidative state through ROS scavenging, enzymatic inhibition (e.g., glutathione peroxidase), or transcriptional upregulation of antioxidant response elements via the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway.