Central Chemoreceptor (Brainstem)

Central chemoreceptors in the brainstem are specialized neurons that detect changes in the chemical composition of their environment, specifically sensing alterations in carbon dioxide (CO₂) and pH levels within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). These receptors play a critical role in regulating respiratory activity by monitoring arterial CO₂ tension and maintaining acid-base homeostasis. They are primarily located on the ventrolateral surface of the medulla oblongata and at multiple sites within the brainstem. Central chemoreceptors respond to increases in CO₂ by detecting associated decreases in CSF pH and stimulate ventilation to expel more CO₂.

Detects changes in CSF pH caused by fluctuations in arterial CO2, triggering adjustments in ventilation rate and depth to maintain acid-base balance.