Molecular Classification
Neuronal Network, Brainstem Circuit
Other Names
Respiratory Center, Brainstem Respiratory Center, Medullary Respiratory Center, Pontine Respiratory Center
Disease Roles
Respiratory FailureApneaHypoventilation

Central Nervous System Respiratory Center Overview

The central nervous system (CNS) respiratory center is a network of interconnected neuronal groups located primarily in the brainstem—specifically, the medulla oblongata and pons. This center is responsible for generating and maintaining the rhythm of breathing, as well as adjusting respiratory patterns in response to physiological changes such as altered levels of oxygen (O₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and blood pH. Key subregions include the Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG), Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG), Pneumotaxic Center, and Apneustic Center.

Mechanism of Action

Variable, depending on the drug. Opioids and barbiturates depress neuronal activity within the respiratory center. Respiratory stimulants increase neuronal activity within the respiratory center.

Biological Functions

Respiratory Rhythm Generation
Respiratory Rate Regulation
Respiratory Depth Regulation
Homeostatic Control of Respiration
Integration of Chemoreceptor Signals
Integration of Mechanoreceptor Signals
Voluntary Control of Breathing

Disease Associations

Respiratory Failure
Apnea
Hypoventilation
Hyperventilation
Sleep Apnea
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Safety Considerations

  • Respiratory Depression
  • Apnea
  • Over-stimulation of Respiratory Drive
  • Drug-induced Respiratory Failure

Interacting Drugs

Opioids (e.g., Morphine)
Barbiturates
Anesthetics
Respiratory Stimulants (e.g., Doxapram)