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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)
- Target
- ChR2
- Molecular classification
- Light-gated ion channel, Retinylidene protein, Rhodopsin
01
Overview
Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is a light-gated cation channel derived from the green alga *Chlamydomonas reinhardtii*. Upon activation by blue light (~480 nm), it opens to allow passage of cations such as Na+, K+, and Ca²⁺, leading to cellular depolarization. It is a widely used optogenetic tool for controlling neuronal activity with high temporal precision. Variants have been engineered with altered kinetics and spectral properties. ChR2 has a seven-transmembrane structure and binds all-trans-retinal as a chromophore.
02
Mechanism of action
N/A - Used as a research tool, not typically directly targeted by drugs.
03
Biological functions
PhototaxisPhotoperceptionIon channel activityLight-activated depolarization
04
Disease associations
Optogenetic tool for studying neurological disordersPotential therapeutic target in neurological disorders
05
Safety considerations
Potential for off-target effects in optogenetic applicationsImmunogenicity concerns in gene therapy applicationsPhototoxicity from excessive light exposureExpression level control to avoid excessive depolarization
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