Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14 (CCL14)

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14 (CCL14) is a small secreted protein of the CC chemokine family, predominantly expressed in the spleen, bone marrow, liver, muscle, and gut. It is synthesized as a precursor and processed to generate active truncations, notably HCC-1(9-74), which actively binds to CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 receptors, stimulating immune cell activation and migration. Full-length CCL14 primarily induces calcium signaling and enzyme release in monocytes but does not strongly promote chemotaxis unless processed. CCL14 is involved in modulation of immune cell recruitment/activation, influences tumor microenvironment, angiogenesis, and is implicated as a biomarker in certain cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma, with expression levels correlating to prognosis. Its processed monomeric form is considered more biologically active, and CCL14 may be regulated by epigenetic and inflammatory processes. Therapeutic strategies have focused on its role in immune regulation and tumor biology, especially as a modulator of immune cell infiltration and tumor-associated immune responses.

Other names

HCC-1HCC-3NCC-2SCYA14CKb1MCIFSmall-inducible cytokine A14CC-1CC-3CKB1chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14hemofiltrate CC chemokine 1new CC chemokine 2SCYL2SY14

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14 (CCL14) primarily acts as a chemotactic factor upon processing to its active form (e.g., CCL14[9-74]). It binds to and activates specific chemokine receptors, including CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5, leading to the regulation of immune cell migration, activation, and intracellular calcium influx.