Molecular Classification
Neurotoxin, Enzyme, Zinc endopeptidase
Other Names
Tetanus toxin, Tentoxylysin
Disease Roles
TetanusInfection

Clostridium tetani Toxin Overview

Clostridium tetani toxin, also known as tetanus toxin or tetanospasmin, is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. It inhibits neurotransmitter release, specifically glycine and GABA, leading to unopposed muscle contraction and spasms. It functions as a zinc-dependent endopeptidase that cleaves synaptobrevin-2. Tetanus results from wound contamination with C. tetani spores; these spores germinate and produce toxins that disseminate via blood or lymphatics.

Mechanism of Action

Zinc-dependent endopeptidase that cleaves synaptobrevin-2, blocking the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters glycine and GABA.

Biological Functions

Inhibition of neurotransmitter release
Cleavage of SNARE proteins
Neurotransmission disruption

Disease Associations

Tetanus
Infection

Safety Considerations

  • High potency
  • Severe muscle spasms
  • Respiratory failure
  • Toxicity