Molecular Classification
Physiological Process, Homeostatic Mechanism
Other Names
Oncotic Pressure Maintenance, Colloid Osmotic Pressure Maintenance
Disease Roles
EdemaHypovolemiaLiver disease

Colloid Oncotic Pressure Maintenance Overview

Colloid oncotic pressure maintenance is a physiological process essential for regulating fluid distribution between blood plasma and interstitial spaces. It is primarily driven by plasma proteins, especially albumin, which exert an osmotic force that draws water into the circulatory system, counterbalancing hydrostatic pressure and preventing edema. Adequate synthesis of albumin by the liver, intact endothelial barriers preventing excessive protein leakage, and sufficient dietary protein intake are crucial for maintaining colloid oncotic pressure. Disruption can occur with liver disease, kidney disease, malnutrition, or increased vascular permeability.

Mechanism of Action

N/A (physiological process, not a specific drug target)

Biological Functions

Fluid balance
Regulation of blood volume
Maintenance of tissue hydration
Regulation of fluid distribution between blood plasma and interstitial spaces

Disease Associations

Edema
Hypovolemia
Liver disease
Kidney disease
Malnutrition
Critical illness

Safety Considerations

  • Over-expansion of intravascular volume
  • Allergic reactions to albumin infusions
  • Fluid overload
  • Pulmonary edema

Interacting Drugs

Albumin infusions
Diuretics (indirectly)
Crystalloid solutions (indirectly)

Associated Biomarkers

Biomarker
Serum albumin levels
Total protein levels
Oncotic pressure measurements