Conventional T cell (Tcon) (Tcon)

Leukemia-specific Tcons (Conventional T cells) are a subset of donor-derived T lymphocytes, including both CD4+ and CD8+ populations, that are capable of recognizing and eliminating leukemic cells through the Graft-versus-Leukemia (GvL) effect. In the context of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), these cells are the primary effectors responsible for eradicating residual disease and preventing relapse by targeting leukemia-associated antigens. However, the therapeutic use of Tcons is limited by their potential to cause Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD), a condition where the donor cells attack the recipient's healthy tissues. Modern precision immunotherapies, such as Orca-T, utilize a controlled ratio of Tcons and regulatory T cells (Tregs) to maximize the GvL effect while minimizing GvHD risk. Research has identified specific biomarkers, such as the expression of FOXP3 and Helios in Tcons, which can predict the level of immune activation and the likelihood of successful engraftment without severe complications.

Other names

TconConventional T lymphocyteEffector T cellNon-regulatory T cellLeukemia-specific T cellLeukemia-reactive T cell

Adoptive immunotherapy using donor-derived conventional T cells (Tcons) to elicit a graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect, often co-administered with regulatory T cells (Tregs) to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Pharmacological agents may also target Tcons to either suppress their activity (immunosuppressants) or enhance their anti-tumor response (checkpoint inhibitors).