Cow's milk protein (allergen) (CMP)

Cow's milk protein is a collective term for several large proteins in cow's milk, notably caseins and whey proteins such as beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin, which act as food allergens in susceptible individuals. The immune system in affected people misidentifies these proteins as harmful, triggering IgE-mediated, non-IgE-mediated, or mixed allergic reactions that can manifest throughout multiple organ systems, particularly in infancy and early childhood. Clinical symptoms range from mild (skin rash, diarrhea, vomiting) to severe (anaphylaxis, shock), depending on the underlying immunological mechanisms and individual sensitivity. Diagnosis relies on history, skin prick testing, and serum-specific IgE evaluation, with oral food challenge as the gold standard. Management consists chiefly of strict milk protein avoidance and supportive treatment; emerging research investigates hypoallergenic formulas and probiotic-based immunomodulation. No current drugs directly "target" cow’s milk proteins—the approach is strictly preventive and symptomatic.

Other names

Cow's milk allergy (CMA)Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA)Milk protein allergy

Epinephrine: Reverses anaphylaxis by constricting blood vessels and opening airways. Extensively hydrolyzed formulas: Destroy protein epitopes, reduce allergenicity. Probiotics: Modulate gut flora and immune response, may decrease allergic inflammation.