Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (mouse) (cGAS)

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic enzyme and DNA sensor in mouse and other mammals that detects double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm, typically of pathogenic origin or released from damaged host cells[1][6][7]. Upon binding dsDNA, cGAS catalyzes the synthesis of the cyclic dinucleotide 2′,3′-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP[2][7]. cGAMP then functions as a second messenger, binding to the adaptor protein STING and triggering downstream signaling cascades that ultimately lead to the production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines[6]. The cGAS–STING pathway constitutes a major component of the innate immune system’s response to intracellular DNA, playing key roles in antiviral defense, tumor immunity, and, if dysregulated, the development of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases[5]. Murine cGAS shares conserved structure and function with human cGAS, with well-characterized DNA binding and catalytic sites facilitating its activation and signal transduction[1][3][7].

Other names

cGAMP synthasecGASCgas (gene symbol)Cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (murine)Mouse cGAS

Inhibitors: block DNA binding, enzyme activity, or downstream cGAMP production[2]. Agonists: promote activation of cGAS to induce interferon production for antitumor/antiviral effects[2].