Cytochrome P450 1A1, Cytochrome P450 1A2, Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1)

Cytochrome P450 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 are closely related enzymes in the cytochrome P450 superfamily, functioning as monooxygenases that catalyze the metabolism of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous compounds, including drugs, hormones, and environmental carcinogens. They are highly regulated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and are differentially expressed in various tissues (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 extrahepatic, CYP1A2 hepatic). Their activity influences individual susceptibility to drugs, the development of cancers linked to carcinogen bioactivation, and certain rare hereditary disorders such as primary congenital glaucoma (CYP1B1). All three are considered major targets for chemoprevention, toxicology, pharmacogenomics, and drug development.

Other names

Cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 (CYP1A1)Cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 (CYP1A2)Cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 (CYP1B1)P450 1A1, P450 1A2, P450 1B1Part of the broader “CYP1” family

Enzyme inhibitors: Directly inhibit CYP1 enzymes to reduce formation of carcinogenic metabolites or to alter drug pharmacokinetics. Inducers or antagonists: Affect CYP1 expression via AhR pathway (e.g., modulating drug metabolism or carcinogen activation). Substrate competition: Drugs may compete for CYP1-mediated metabolism, influencing drug interactions and toxicity.