Cytotoxic CD8+ T Lymphocyte (CTL)

Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) are a critical component of the adaptive immune system responsible for recognizing and eliminating infected or malignant cells. They express CD8 and utilize their T-cell receptor (TCR) to bind antigens presented on MHC-I molecules. Upon activation, CTLs induce apoptosis in target cells through the release of cytotoxic granules (perforin and granzymes) or Fas/FasL interactions. Strategies for 'replacement' or rejuvenation of dysfunctional CTLs are being explored in cancer immunotherapy and chronic infections.

Other names

Cytotoxic T cellKiller T cellCD8+ T cellCD8-positive T cell

CTLs recognize and kill target cells expressing specific antigens via TCR interaction with MHC-I, releasing cytotoxic granules (perforin, granzymes) or activating Fas/FasL apoptotic pathways. They also secrete cytokines to enhance immune responses.