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Bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan precursor D-Ala-D-Ala terminus (D-Ala-D-Ala terminus)
- Target
- D-Ala-D-Ala terminus
- Molecular classification
- Peptidoglycan precursor, Cell wall component
01
Overview
The bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan precursor D-Ala-D-Ala terminus is a crucial structural motif located at the end of the peptide stems in peptidoglycan precursors during bacterial cell wall synthesis. It functions as the substrate for transpeptidation reactions catalyzed by penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), enabling cross-linking between glycan strands for cell wall strength. Its unique structure makes it a prime target for antibiotics like β-lactams and glycopeptides. However, bacteria can develop resistance by altering this terminus.
- Other names
- D-alanyl-D-alanine terminusPeptidoglycan D-Ala-D-AlaD-Ala-D-Ala dipeptidePentapeptide stem terminus
02
Mechanism of action
Mimicry of D-Ala-D-Ala terminus (β-lactams), direct binding to D-Ala-D-Ala terminus (glycopeptides) blocking access of PBPs, inhibition of transpeptidation
03
Biological functions
Cell wall biosynthesisTranspeptidation substrateCross-linkingCell shape maintenanceOsmotic pressure resistanceBacterial growth and division
04
Disease associations
InfectionBacterial resistance
05
Safety considerations
Development of antibiotic resistance via modification of the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus (e.g., D-Ala-D-Lac)Emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)
06
Interacting drugs
Penicillins
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