DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC3 (POLR3C) (POLR3C)

DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC3 (POLR3C) is a critical component of the RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, which is responsible for the transcription of essential small non-coding RNAs, including transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and 5S ribosomal RNA [1, 4]. Beyond its fundamental role in cellular metabolism and protein synthesis, POLR3C serves as a key sensor of cytosolic AT-rich DNA, triggering the production of type I interferons to initiate an innate immune response against viral pathogens [3]. Mutations in the POLR3C gene are clinically significant, often leading to neurodevelopmental disorders such as hypomyelinating leukodystrophy and Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome, as well as increased susceptibility to severe Varicella-zoster virus infections [2]. In oncology, Pol III activity is frequently upregulated to support the high biosynthetic demands of cancer cells, making it a potential target for therapeutic intervention [5]. While specific drugs targeting POLR3C are primarily in the research phase, small molecule inhibitors like ML-60218 demonstrate the feasibility of modulating Pol III activity [5]. However, the essential nature of Pol III for all eukaryotic cells presents a significant challenge for drug development, requiring precise targeting to avoid systemic toxicity [1].

Other names

RPC3RPC62RNA polymerase III subunit CDNA-directed RNA polymerase III 62 kDa polypeptide

Inhibition of RNA polymerase III-mediated transcription of small RNAs such as tRNA and 5S rRNA.