Dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) (DAT)

The human dopamine transporter (hDAT), encoded by the SLC6A3 gene, is a transmembrane protein primarily located in the presynaptic terminals of dopaminergic neurons [1]. Its fundamental biological role is the sodium- and chloride-dependent reuptake of dopamine from the synaptic cleft back into the neuron, effectively terminating the neurotransmitter's signal [2]. This process is crucial for maintaining dopamine homeostasis and regulating various physiological functions, including motor coordination, reward-seeking behavior, and cognitive processes [3]. Dysfunction of hDAT is strongly associated with neurological and psychiatric conditions such as Parkinson's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and substance use disorders [4]. Pharmacologically, hDAT serves as a major target for stimulants like methylphenidate and amphetamines, which increase synaptic dopamine concentrations by inhibiting reuptake or inducing reverse transport [5]. Consequently, hDAT is a focal point for drug development and clinical imaging in the management of neuropsychiatric health [1, 3]. Sources: [1] UniProt (P23975) [2] NIH/NCBI Gene (6531) [3] StatPearls (Dopamine Transporter) [4] PubChem (SLC6A3) [5] Wikipedia (Dopamine transporter)

Other names

Sodium-dependent dopamine transporterSLC6A3DAT1hDAT

Inhibition of dopamine reuptake from the synaptic cleft into the presynaptic neuron, or induction of dopamine efflux through reverse transport.