Electrochemical enzymatic glucose sensor (for interstitial fluid measurement)

Electrochemical enzymatic sensing of interstitial fluid glucose is **not a single molecular target** but rather a diagnostic technology that uses an enzyme—most commonly **glucose oxidase**—immobilized on an electrode to detect and quantify **glucose concentrations in the interstitial fluid beneath the skin**. This approach forms the basis of most continuous glucose monitoring systems used by people with diabetes. The enzyme catalyzes oxidation of glucose, generating an electrochemical signal proportional to local glucose levels, which is then measured by a transducer within the device. These sensors provide real-time or near-real-time data on tissue-level glycemic trends without requiring frequent fingerstick blood samples. The main clinical application is in diabetes management, where these sensors help patients maintain better glycemic control by providing continuous feedback on their metabolic status. There are two main types: real-time CGMs that automatically transmit data to receivers or smartphones, and flash/intermittently scanned systems that require manual reading via near-field communication.[2] Devices include Dexcom G-series, Medtronic Guardian/Enlite systems, FreeStyle Libre™, Eversense™, among others.[2][4] While highly useful for tracking trends and preventing hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia episodes,[4] these devices have limitations including lag time between blood and tissue measurements due to physiological equilibration delays,[8] potential interference from other substances,[1], need for periodic calibration with some models,[4], possible skin reactions at insertion sites, and cost/accessibility considerations. In summary: this entry describes a **biosensing method/device**, not a discrete biological molecule/receptor/enzyme/protein typically considered as "therapeutic targets" in pharmacology or drug development contexts.

Other names

Continuous glucose monitor (CGM)Interstitial fluid glucose sensorEnzymatic glucose biosensorGlucose oxidase-based sensor