Endogenous retrovirus group 48 member 1, envelope protein (Suppressyn) (ERVH48-1)

Endogenous retrovirus group 48 member 1, envelope protein (ERVH48-1, Suppressyn) is an envelope protein derived from an integrated human endogenous retroviral sequence, expressed largely and specifically in the placenta. It acts as a negative regulator of cell-cell fusion in trophoblasts by binding to the neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2, thus inhibiting the fusogenic effect of syncytin-1. This restricts the formation of the syncytiotrophoblast layer in placental development, ensuring proper placental formation and fetal-maternal interaction. Its expression is highly regulated by placental-specific promoters and enhancers, DNA methylation, and oxygen-sensitive transcription factors (e.g., HIF1α, HIF2α). Suppressyn is also implicated in protecting trophoblasts from retroviral infection by blocking ASCT2-mediated cell entry for certain pathogens. Additionally, it is crucial for proper differentiation into mesoderm and endoderm germ layers during embryonic development, functioning partly via interaction and degradation of SFRP2 (modulator of the WNT/β-catenin pathway). Abnormal suppressyn expression or regulation may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and early pregnancy loss.

Other names

SuppressynERVH48-1SUPYNC21orf105HERV-Fb1NDUFV3-AS1NDUFV3 antisense RNA 1endogenous retrovirus group Fb member 1

Not applicable; no known drugs target ERVH48-1.